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Earth Observatory
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  3. Shaping the Emerald City
 
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June 16, 2026

Seattle, Washington—sometimes known as the “Emerald City”—was glimmering in the morning sunlight when an astronaut aboard the International Space Station took this photo on June 16, 2026. The city’s parks and tree-filled neighborhoods lend a lush, green look to the metropolis, while tall buildings downtown cast long shadows and ships navigate surrounding waterways.

The broad contours of the city’s landscape and the water around it owe their shape to the advance and retreat of glaciers during the last ice age. Between roughly 18,000 and 16,000 years ago, the Puget lobe of the

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covered the area in a mass of ice up to
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(1,000 meters) thick. The glacier scoured the basins now occupied by Puget Sound and the region’s lakes. 

The glacier left its mark above water, too. Several of Seattle’s notorious hills (of which there are

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, depending on who’s counting) are
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. These elongated mounds of glacial debris run north-south, parallel to the direction of the ice’s movement. East-west travelers in the city, facing challenging ups and downs, may attest to this topographic trend.

The ice also transported large boulders called glacial erratics from more northerly locations and

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around the region. A particularly large erratic, the
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, stands about 20 feet (6 meters) tall and draws its name from the North Seattle neighborhood in which it rests.

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June 16, 2026

In more recent times, humans have undertaken projects to rework the topography. Notable alterations include

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north of downtown and
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at the mouth of the Duwamish River south of downtown, which created around 1,300 acres of new land. Seattle’s professional sports stadiums
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.

This photo was acquired after several

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to update waterfront infrastructure downtown, initiated in 2010, were completed. These include a new
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, a
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, and a
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to replace an above-ground highway and create more inviting public access to the waterfront.

Some replumbing of the region’s waterways is apparent from the astronaut’s perspective, as well. In the 1910s, the Army Corps of Engineers

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on either side of Lake Union to connect Puget Sound (an inlet of the Pacific Ocean) with Lake Washington. Starting in 1916, the
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Lake Washington to Lake Union, and the
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, northwest of Lake Union, began raising and lowering watercraft between the freshwater lakes and tidal Puget Sound. As a result of this project, Lake Washington’s water level dropped about 9 feet (3 meters) and ceased draining from its natural outlet at its southern end.

Today, the waters in and around Seattle support many uses: container ships, cruise ships, car and passenger ferries, floatplanes, and recreational craft ply the sound and lakes. And as for Seattle’s emerald nickname, pockets of

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still exist within city limits, containing centuries-old trees such as Douglas fir, Western red cedar, and Western hemlock. Seattleites often spot wildlife such as bald eagles, coyotes, and sea lions in the city’s various habitats.

Astronaut photograph

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 was acquired on June 16, 2026, with a Nikon Z9 digital camera using a focal length of 560 millimeters. It is provided by the ISS Crew Earth Observations Facility and the Earth Science and Remote Sensing Unit at NASA Johnson Space Center. The image was taken by a member of the 
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. The image has been cropped and enhanced to improve contrast, and lens artifacts have been removed. The 
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 supports the laboratory as part of the 
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 to help astronauts take pictures of Earth that will be of the greatest value to scientists and the public, and to make those images freely available on the Internet. Additional images taken by astronauts and cosmonauts can be viewed at the NASA/JSC 
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. Story by Lindsey Doermann.

Downloads

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June 16, 2026: Wide view

JPEG (14.37 MB)

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June 16, 2026: Detailed view

JPEG (6.72 MB)

References & Resources

  • Booth, D.B., et al. (2003)
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    . Development in Quaternary Science, 1, 17-43.
  • Cascade PBS (2025, January 9)
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    . Accessed July 17, 2026.
  • City of Seattle (2026)
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    . Accessed July 17, 2026.
  • HistoryLink.org (2017, February 5)
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    . Accessed July 17, 2026.
  • HistoryLink.org (2016, December 30)
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    . Accessed July 17, 2026.
  • Williams, D.B. (2017)
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    . University of Washington Press.

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