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[NASA] Heat Dome Broils the Western U.S.

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Earth Observatory
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  3. Heat Dome Broils the Western U.S.
 
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Temperatures soared in the Western U.S. on July 12, 2026, as shown in this map of modeled air temperatures from the
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(Goddard Earth Observing System). Numerous weather stations in Montana, Utah, and Wyoming recorded their highest temperatures since record-keeping began.
NASA Earth Observatory/Michala Garrison

It’s still relatively early in the

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in the Northern Hemisphere, but several parts of North America were sweltering in mid-July.

The latest purveyor of heat was a strong

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of high pressure that lingered in the upper atmosphere over the northern Rockies on the weekend of July 11-12, 2026. This pushed hot air
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and trapped it there—a weather phenomenon meteorologists call a
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.

Heat domes put the brakes on

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and suppress clouds and precipitation. This allows sunlight to reach Earth’s surface relatively unhindered and further elevate air temperatures. As a result of the July heat dome, sites in Montana, Wyoming, and Utah broke all-time temperature records.

The map above shows air temperatures across the United States on July 12, 2026, at 2 p.m. Mountain Time, modeled at 2 meters (6.5 feet) above the ground. It was produced by combining satellite observations with temperatures predicted by a version of the

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(Goddard Earth Observing System) model, which uses mathematical equations to represent physical processes in the atmosphere. The darkest reds indicate areas where temperatures approached or exceeded 45 degrees Celsius (113 degrees Fahrenheit).

A

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from the National Weather Service office in Billings found that temperature sensors at airports in Billings and Miles City, Montana (111°F and 115°F, respectively), and Sheridan, Wyoming (109°F), all recorded new all-time record highs on July 12. Each of these stations topped its previous record by at least 2°F, with Miles City breaking its record by a full 4°F. The Montana records date to the 1930s; the Sheridan record begins in 1907.

Multiple locations in Utah broke all-time records as well,

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to the National Weather Service office in Salt Lake City, including Deseret (111°F), Salt Lake City (109°F, or 4°F above the previous record), and Randolph (100°F, or 6°F above the previous record). These stations in Utah have records that date back to the 1890s.

Extreme heat doesn’t just make people uncomfortable. It can have serious health consequences, particularly for older people.

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worsens common age-related health conditions such as heart, lung, and kidney disease.
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from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention shows that the rate of heat-related emergency department visits in the Mountain states spiked tenfold during the July heat.

Heat waves like this one have become more frequent in the United States in recent decades, according to researchers at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center. Using a NASA modeling system called

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(Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications-2), one
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that summer heat waves in the U.S.
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in number between 1980 and 2023, increasing from an average of two to four per month.

Forecasters

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the heat dome to spread east into the Midwest, New England, and the Mid-Atlantic in the coming days, where triple-digit temperatures are likely in some areas. The United States isn’t alone in facing significant heat. Parts of both
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,
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, and
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are also facing heat waves.   

NASA Earth Observatory image by Michala Garrison, using 

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 data from the 
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 at NASA GSFC. Story by Adam Voiland.

Downloads

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July 12, 2026

JPEG (1.98 MB)

References & Resources

  • AccuWeather (2026, July 13)
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    . Accessed July 14, 2026.
  • NASA (2025, May 8)
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    . Accessed July 14, 2026.
  • NASA Earth Observatory (2010, June 9)
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    . Accessed July 14, 2026.
  • National Weather Service (2026, July 14)
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    . Accessed July 14, 2026.
  • NOAA (2026, July 12)
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    . Accessed July 14, 2026.
  • Royal Meteorological Society (2021, August 11)
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    ? Accessed July 14, 2026.
  • U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2026)
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    . Accessed July 14, 2026.
  • U.S. National Weather Service, via
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    (2026, July 13)
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    . Accessed July 14, 2026.
  • The Washington Post (2026, July 14)
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    . Accessed July 14, 2026.

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