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Earth Observatory
  1. This is the hidden content, please
  2. This is the hidden content, please
  3. Eyeing the Richat Structure
 
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The Richat Structure appears as a giant “bull’s eye” on a plateau in Mauritania in this mosaic, composed of images captured by the
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(Operational Land Imager) on
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and
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on March 5 and March 6, 2026, respectively.
NASA Earth Observatory/Lauren Dauphin

In a remote part of northern Mauritania on the Adrar Plateau lies a desert landscape rich in human history. This region of northwestern Africa is sprinkled with Paleolithic stone tools, Neolithic cave paintings, and the remains of

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once used by caravans crossing the Sahara Desert.

When viewed from space, the landscape appears to be shaped most prominently by natural forces. Wind sculpted the seas of colorful sand dunes and scoured plateaus capped with dark

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, while ancient flowing water carved valleys and networks of dried river channels.

But the region’s most eye-catching feature when seen from above is the Richat Structure—a large geologic formation made of concentric ridges on the eastern side of the plateau. French geographers first described the feature in the 1930s, calling it the Richat “buttonhole.” NASA astronauts Ed White and James McDivitt helped bring wider global attention to what became known as

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after
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it during their history-making
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.

The 40-kilometer-wide (25-mile-wide) structure was initially thought to be an

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because large meteors can produce circular features on Earth’s surface. However,
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later
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that it is actually a deeply eroded
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formed by the uplift of rock above an
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of igneous material. Over time, differing
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among rock types in the exposed upper dome led to the development of circular ridges known as
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. The orange and gray colors reflect differences in sedimentary and igneous rock types across the structure and the surrounding landscape.

NASA Earth Observatory image by Lauren Dauphin, using Landsat data from the 

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. Story by Adam Voiland.

Downloads

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March 5 and March 6, 2026

JPEG (9.03 MB)

References & Resources

  • Abdeina, E.H., et al. (2024)
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    . Lithos, 107698.
  • Abdeina, E.H., et al. (2021)
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    . Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 14(22), 2315.
  • The Debrief (2021, April 16)
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    . Accessed April 8, 2026.
  • Géoconscience,
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    . Accessed April 8, 2026.
  • International Commission on Geoheritage,
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    . Accessed April 8, 2026.
  • Matton, G., et al. (2005)
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    . Geology, 33 (8), 665-668.
  • Matton, G. & Jébrak, M. (2014)
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    . Journal of African Earth Sciences, 97, 109-124.
  • NASA Earth Observatory (2022, July 10)
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    . Accessed April 8, 2026.
  • National Archives (1965, June 4)
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    . Accessed April 8, 2026.

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