[NASA] Seeing Blue During Schirmacher’s Summer Melt Season

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Cerulean blue meltwater flows through drainage channels on the Nivlisen Ice Shelf, Antarctica, in this image acquired on January 6, 2026, by the

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(Operational Land Imager) on

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.

NASA Earth Observatory/Michala Garrison

Summer is a busy season at

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, a rocky, ice-free plateau in Queen Maud Land, East Antarctica. Located near the

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of Nivlisen Ice Shelf and about 100 kilometers (60 miles) from the open waters of the Lazarev Sea, the “oasis” of land amid an otherwise continuous expanse of ice is home to dozens of small

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and two research stations.

It’s the season when all-white

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are sometimes spotted soaring over the oasis, and fuzzy

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and

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chicks grow up in sheltered crevices on its cliffs and ridges. Under constant sunlight, the plateau’s freshwater lakes come to life, supporting cyanobacterial growth and teeming with microscopic tardigrades, rotifers, and nematodes. At times, groups of Adélie penguins toddle through the oasis and

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.

The summer months are also when temperatures creep just above freezing long enough for expansive networks of seasonal melt ponds and drainage channels on and within the surrounding ice to fill with bright blue meltwater that flows north onto and across the

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. The satellite image above shows seasonal melt on January 6, 2026, during the peak of the 2026 melt season.  

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Lakes dot the rocky surface of Schirmacher Oasis in this image acquired on January 6, 2026, by the OLI on Landsat 9.

NASA Earth Observatory/Michala Garrison

The Nivlisen Ice Shelf is a floating tongue that forms as glacial ice flows off Antarctica and into the waters of the Lazarev Sea. The many blue ice areas found around the oasis are snow-free areas where old, compressed glacial ice with few air bubbles has been exposed by powerful

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and

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. This dense ice absorbs red wavelengths of light and reflects blue wavelengths, making it appear blue. Blue ice areas are rare in Antarctica, covering about

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of the continent’s surface. 

“The image captures the Nivlisen Ice Shelf during a phase of strong, system-wide hydrological connectivity,” said Geetha Priya Murugesan, a remote sensing scientist with the Jyothy Institute of Technology in Bengaluru, India. Such features aren’t always visible in optical satellite imagery, she added, noting that they are often frozen, buried under snow, or drained. “This image is notable because the ‘cerulean veins’ we see on the surface align with a deeper, persistent plumbing system that we monitor with radar.”

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Surface drainage channels filled with meltwater flow across the Nivlisen Ice Shelf in this image acquired on January 6, 2026, by the OLI on Landsat 9.

NASA Earth Observatory/Michala Garrison

Murugesan and colleagues have

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decades of satellite data and conducted several years of field research in the area, including in 2026. Their work shows that since 2000, the surface melting caused by seasonal melt ponds and channels on the ice shelf has grown in depth, area, and volume. The depth and volume of melt features grew by a factor of 1.5, while their surface area increased by a factor of 1.2.

Murugesan thinks that the visibility of the drainage network in images like these hints at a deeper vulnerability of the ice shelf. The drainage channels trace preexisting structural weaknesses, including crevasses, that act as “hydraulic pathways” that concentrate meltwater in vulnerable zones near the

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, where it can weaken the ice shelf, Murugesan said.

The researchers have also linked peak melting periods like this one to

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and

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that enhance surface melting and help route meltwater through the drainage networks. The dark color—

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—of the many blue ice areas surrounding the oasis contributes to drainage events by making ice surfaces less reflective, warmer, and thus more prone to summer melting, Murugesan added.                        

While Murugesan and colleagues are currently conducting a detailed analysis of the 2026 melt season to determine how it compares to past years, she said it appears to be a “strong melt event consistent with elevated melt conditions.”

NASA Earth Observatory images by Michala Garrison, using Landsat data from the 

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. Story by Adam Voiland.

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January 6, 2026

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References & Resources

• Chen, J., et al. (2026)
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  . Egusphere, preprint.  
• Chouksey, A., et al. (2021)
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  . Polar Science, 30, 100740.
• EGU Blogs (2024, June 21)
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  . Accessed March 26, 2026.
• Murugesan, G.P., et al. (2026)
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  . Earth ArXiv, preprint.
• Murugesan, G.P., et al. (2025)
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  . In: Shukla, P.K., et al. Computer Vision and Robotics. CVR 2024. Algorithms for Intelligent Systems. (Springer, Singapore.) 
• Murugesan, G.P., et al. (2024)
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  . Civil Engineering Innovations for Sustainable Communities with Net Zero Targets.                                                              
• Murugesan, G.P., et al. (2023)
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  . Remote Sensing, 15(24), 5676. 
• Pande, A., et al. (2020)
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  . Polar Record, 56, e40
• Ryan, P.G. (2024)
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  . Marine Ornithology, 52(2).
• Tollenaar, V., et al. (2024)
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  . Geophysical Research Letters, 51(3), e2023GL106285.

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