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[NASA] Melting Snow Off Shivelyuch

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  3. Melting Snow Off Shivelyuch
 
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Snow has melted from warm volcanic deposits of ash and soil on the flanks of Shivelyuch on April 23, 2026, in this image captured by the
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(Operational Land Imager) on
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.
NASA Earth Observatory / Lauren Dauphin

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(also called Shiveluch), the most northerly active volcano on the
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, is one of the most active volcanoes in the world. On a near-daily basis, satellites detect new signs of activity within its horseshoe-shaped caldera, including
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, hot avalanches and debris flows, and ash deposits that darken the surrounding landscape.

The

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satellite captured this image of the towering volcano—one of the largest and tallest on the peninsula—on April 23, 2026, a day when fresh activity left its mark on the snowy, late-spring landscape. A multi-lobed plug of viscous lava called a
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—appearing as a dark patch in the caldera—has been actively growing in recent months, according to reports from the
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(KVERT). Dome-building lava is typically extruded slowly and piles up into lobed, sloped, or
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akin to those that form when toothpaste is squeezed from a tube.

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The caldera contains a growing lava dome and signs of block-and-ash flows in channels radiating outward in this detailed image, acquired April 23, 2026, by the
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(Operational Land Imager) on
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.
NASA Earth Observatory / Lauren Dauphin

On Shivelyuch, lava domes cycle through periods of growth and collapse, frequently producing explosive bursts of ash and launching avalanches of hot ash and soil called

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when they collapse. Debris slides through structures that Alina Shevchenko, a volcanologist with the GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences, called “avalanche chutes” and “lahar channels” radiating outward from the caldera. Collapses can trigger events geologists call “
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which typically contain coarse, blocky chunks of cooled volcanic rock along with powdery volcanic ash and soil.

Such flows often produce thick, insulating deposits that retain heat for long periods, sometimes even months or years, melting snow in the winter months. As seen in the Landsat images above, this activity leaves dark channels and exposed patches that contrast with the surrounding snow cover.

Satellites have regularly detected thermal anomalies within the caldera and near the

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in
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, as well as warm land surface temperatures along the
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. On the day the image was acquired, KVERT reported that the “explosive-extrusive eruption” of the volcano continued, accompanied by “powerful gas-steam activity.”

An unusually large eruption and flank collapse in

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sent massive pyroclastic flows barreling tens of kilometers down the mountain, destroying vast swaths of forest and leaving large deposits and flow channels near the foot of the mountain that are still visible today. “It’s quite possible that those deposits still retain some heat from that event,” said Janine Krippner, a geologist based in New Zealand. Krippner noted that when she did field research on Shivelyuch block-and-ash flows in 2015, she could still feel the heat within deposits that were five years old.

“Shivelyuch is an incredible volcano that has collapsed over and over again, on several scales, ranging from enormous flank collapses to more modest dome-collapse events,” Krippner said. “It goes through cycles of collapse but then builds itself up again and again through constant volcanic activity,” she added. “It should really be on a motivational poster.”

NASA Earth Observatory image by Lauren Dauphin, using Landsat data from the 

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. Story by Adam Voiland.

Downloads

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April 23, 2026

JPEG (7.84 MB)

References & Resources

  • Global Volcanism Program (2026)
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    . Accessed May 5, 2026.
  • Grishin, S.Y., et al. (2025)
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    . Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 61, 1129–1136.
  • Krippner, J.B., et al. (2018)
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    . Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 354, 115-129. 
  • Krippner, J.B., et al. (2018)
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    . EarthArXiv preprint.
  • NASA Earth Observatory (2023, April 12)
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    . Accessed May 5, 2026.
  • NASA Earth Observatory (2011, January 25)
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    . Accessed May 5, 2026.
  • Shevchenko, A., et al. (2021)
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    . Frontiers in Earth Science Volcanology, 9, 680051.
  • Zharinov, N.A. & Demyanchuk, Y.V. (2024)
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    . Journal of Volcanology and Seismology, 18, 1–9.

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