This Chip Could Be the Massive Breakthrough We’ve Been Waiting for in Quantum Computing

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This Chip Could Be the Massive Breakthrough We’ve Been Waiting for in Quantum Computing

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The biggest limitation of quantum computers is that they only contain, at max, around 1,000 qubits due to disruptions caused by noise that leads to decoherence.

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set out years ago to develop a topological qubit using Majorana quasiparticles—small and inherently stable, they make perfect candidates for quantum computers.

This week,

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announced that it had created a new quantum architecture called Majorana 1, which it believes is the first step toward building a quantum computer with 1 million topological qubits—though, some physicists remain skeptical.

Quantum computers—like

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and other hyper-advanced technologies—always seem to be just on the threshold of changing the world. And, like fusion, quantum computers have a problem with stability. While fusion experts are working on ways to stabilize the ultra-hot plasma required to sustain their reactions, so too are quantum engineers looking for ways to stabilize qubits in order to reduce errors and (hopefully) create machines that exceed today’s current threshold of around 1,000 qubits.

This week,

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that it had made a major breakthrough in achieving that goal, stating that they created a quantum architecture—known as Majorana 1—that’s capable of one day hosting one million qubits on a single chip. To achieve this technological breakthrough, the company decided years ago to, in a sense, go back to the basics. Instead of using qubits found in other

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,

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engineers set out to create what’s known as a “topological qubit”—a different approach to creating a qubit that theoretically should make them more stable, and therefore scalable.

To do this,

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uses what’s known as a Majorana

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. True to their name, Majoranas aren’t really particles, but are instead special patterns that arise under certain conditions. This new architecture—which

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calls the Topological Core powered by “topoconductors”—can coax into existence (using nanowires, superconductors, and lots of fancy physics) a Majorana zero mode state that’s inherently stable. It’s also small, which is a big deal if you want to keep quantum computers from reaching warehouse-level dimensions. A new paper published

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showed that they could measure the two different states within a qubit.

“We’ve designed a chip that’s able to measure the presence of Majorana, and Majorana allows us to create a topological qubit,”

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technical fellow Krysta Svore

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. “A topological qubit is reliable, small, and controllable. This solves the noise problem that creates errors in

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.”

Currently, Majorana 1 holds only eight of these qubits, which isn’t nearly enough to perform world-changing

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. But

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argues that the architecture is in place to eventually scale the number of topological qubits up to one million—a feat that, if true, would surely usher in the age of quantum computing.

However, some scientists remain skeptical of

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’s claims. For one, a paper hasn’t yet been published about its topological qubit claims for peers in the field to analyze. And secondly, many impurities can create conditions that look like Majorana quasiparticles, but are not. “The optimism is definitely there,” Henry Legg from th University of St Andrews told

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, “but the science isn’t there.” It also doesn’t help that a

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research team in Delft, Netherlands announced that it had created Majorana states in 2018,

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three years later due to erroneously omitted

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.

However,

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technical fellow Chetan Nayak remains bullish on their

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, telling

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that the quantum computing era could begin “as something that is years away, not decades away.”

With the introduction of Majorana 1 and the resulting Nature paper, the team has definitely demonstrated that they have a qubit. Now, they need to prove its topological nature and start making some computations. If

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can prove that its Topological Core is the real deal, then we very well may be on the path to one million qubits and a computational

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.

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