Gun manufacturers’ ads appeal to women as ‘serious students’ of firearms to boost sales

[Pelican Press 0]

**** manufacturers’ ads appeal to women as ‘serious students’ of firearms to boost sales

Credit: Tima Miroshnichenko from Pexels

**** manufacturers are appealing to women as “serious students” of firearms in their advertising—a shift in strategy over the last two decades that may be contributing to increased **** sales, a new study shows.

From 2007 through 2022, women’s **** ownership rose from 16% to 22%, while the rate for men stayed roughly steady at 43%. And more than half of new **** owners in the ******* States between 2019 and 2021 were women.

“Those trends in **** ownership seem at odds with polling that indicates women much more strongly favor **** control than men. How can women who are typically more in favor of **** control than men be buying guns at these rates?” said Michelle Barnhart, an associate professor in OSU’s College of Business and one of the paper’s authors.

“One thing that has changed during this ******* is **** manufacturers’ marketing strategy. These changes give us insights into how the industry has become more successful in attracting women in recent years.”

The study’s findings, based on an analysis of 20 years of **** advertising, were

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in the Journal of Macromarketing. Co-authors are Aimee Huff, associate professor in the OSU College of Business, and Brett Burkhardt, associate professor of sociology in OSU’s School of Public Policy.

Generally, representative imagery in advertising can encourage changes in behavior. **** advertising is unique compared to other consumer products, however, because primary advertising channels are unlikely to accept ****-related advertising and many have policies prohibiting it, Huff said.

Guns & Ammo magazine, the largest circulation magazine dedicated to guns that is not published or distributed by the National Rifle Association, is one of the places where **** advertising is common. The researchers had collected more than 20 years’ worth of the magazine as part of another project. While looking through the magazines, they were struck by how the advertisements had changed over the years.

The researchers found that in the first few years of their study *******, from 2001-2007, no ads featured armed women. From 2008 to 2012, women in **** advertising were generally portrayed as ***** and the ads more likely targeted men who might purchase guns for their wives or girlfriends. Between 2013 and 2015, advertisers used a range of different approaches, with a few ***** ads and more that framed women **** owners as confident, empowered and feminine.

From 2016 to 2020, the advertising shifted again, with ads focusing on feminine competence, the women appearing more serious and the references to femininity more subtle. These more recent ads depict armed women as responsible, capable, well-trained and able to use their guns for serious purposes such as self-defense or protecting their children, the researchers found.

The “serious student” framing was the most popular between 2016 and 2020 and was used in about 45% of the ads studied. It portrayed armed ********* women as pursuing expertise with firearms through focused training and using guns for practical purposes.

“The analysis shows that **** manufacturers have tried a variety of approaches over time and moved away from some, and now they seem to have found this effective framing that supports women owning guns,” Barnhart said. “The person in the picture looks like someone who should be able to have a **** even under additional **** control measures, such as training requirements. It allows women to be both in favor of **** control and also see themselves as **** owners.”

The findings suggest **** manufacturers may have tapped into a new segment of consumers in the **** ownership market, Burkhardt said. That new market may diversify **** ownership in the U.S., but it also makes **** owners, as a group, less consistently predictable. In the past, people who identify as **** owners have been fairly consistent in their voting patterns and opposition of **** control reforms.

“New **** owners, and particularly women **** owners, may not conform to existing ideology and politics around **** ownership or **** control, and could reshape the identity of **** ownership in ways that aren’t expected,” Burkhardt noted.

The study builds on the

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exploring how **** manufacturers have turned to “gunfluencers”—social media influencers, often women, who are **** owners and users—to normalize and promote **** ownership in everyday life via social media posts.

“The use of print advertising, coupled with the rise of ‘gunfluencers,’ are working together to promote and normalize **** ownership among women,” Huff said.

More information:
Aimee Dinnín Huff et al, Advertising Frames and the Legitimation of the Armed ********* Woman, Journal of Macromarketing (2024).

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Oregon State University

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**** manufacturers’ ads appeal to women as ‘serious students’ of firearms to boost sales (2024, March 12)
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