Israel-Lebanon border warfare stretches back decades

[Pelican Press 0]

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*******-Lebanon border warfare stretches back decades

A sharp escalation in border warfare between the Iran-backed Hezbollah group and *******, raising fears of a new ******** ground offensive in Lebanon, is the latest episode in decades of conflict across the Lebanese-******** frontier.

* 1948 – Lebanon fights alongside other ***** countries against the nascent state of *******. Around 100,000 Palestinians who fled or were expelled from their homes in what had been British-ruled Palestine during the war arrive in Lebanon as refugees. Lebanon and ******* agree to an armistice in 1949.

* 1968 – ******** commandos ******** a dozen passenger planes at Beirut airport in response to an ******* on an ******** airliner by ************ guerrillas.

The Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO) relocates to Lebanon two years later after its expulsion from Jordan, leading to more cross-border flare-ups.

* 1973 – Disguised ******** special forces ****** ***** three ************ guerrilla leaders in Beirut in retaliation for the ******** of ******** athletes at the 1972 Munich Olympics.

************ guerrilla raids into ******* and ******** military reprisals on targets in Lebanon intensify during the 1970s, leading many Lebanese to flee their country’s south and aggravating sectarian tensions in Lebanon, where civil war is starting.

* 1978 – ******* invades south Lebanon and sets up a narrow occupation zone in an operation against ************ guerrillas after a militant ******* near Tel Aviv. ******* backs a local ********** militia called the South Lebanon Army (SLA).

* 1982 – ******* invades Lebanon all the way to Beirut in an offensive that followed ****-for-tat border *****. Thousands of ************ fighters are evacuated by sea after a ******* 10-week siege of the Lebanese capital involving heavy ******** bombardment of West Beirut.

Hundreds of civilians in the ************ ******** camps of Sabra and Shatila are massacred by ********** militiamen allowed in by ******** troops after Lebanon’s newly elected Maronite ********* president is ******* by a car *****.

Iran’s Revolutionary Guards establish the Shi’ite ******* armed group Hezbollah in Lebanon to counter the ******** invasion.

* 1985 – ******* pulled back from central Lebanon in 1983 but retained forces in the south. It establishes a formal occupation zone in southern Lebanon, about 15km deep, controlling the area with its SLA ally. Hezbollah wages guerrilla war against ******** forces.

* 1993 – ******* in July launches Operation Accountability, a week-long ******* by its forces against Lebanon. ******* says the aim is to strike directly at Hezbollah, to make it difficult for the group to use southern Lebanon as a base for striking *******, and to pressure the Lebanese government to intervene against the group.

* 1996 – With Hezbollah regularly attacking ******** forces in the south and ******* rockets into northern *******, ******* mounts 17-day Operation Grapes of Wrath offensive that ****** more than 200 people in Lebanon, including 102 who **** when ******* strikes a UN base near the south Lebanon village of Qana.

* 2000 – ******* withdraws from southern Lebanon, after continued attacks on ******** military positions in occupied Lebanese territory by Hezbollah, ending 22 years of occupation.

* 2006 – In July, Hezbollah crosses the border into *******, kidnaps two ******** soldiers and ****** others, sparking a five-week war involving heavy ******** strikes on both Hezbollah strongholds and national infrastructure.

While ******** ground forces move into southern Lebanon, much of the conflict is conducted by ******** air strikes and Hezbollah rocket *****. It ends without ******* achieving its military objectives and with Hezbollah declaring it a “divine victory”.

At least 1200 people in Lebanon, mostly civilians, and 158 Israelis, mostly soldiers, are *******.

* 2024 – On September 23, ******* launches Operation Northern Arrows against Hezbollah after almost a year of trading ***** across the Lebanese-******** border in parallel with the Gaza war. The operation comes less than a week after pagers and walkie-talkies used by Hezbollah explode across Lebanon in an ******* the group blames on *******.

The ********* is an escalation of cross-border warfare that started a day after the October 7, 2023 ******* on southern ******* by ******-led ************ militants. Hezbollah says its strikes into ******* are to support Palestinians under ******** bombardment in the Gaza Strip.

******* says its military goal on its northern border is to ensure the safe return of residents of northern communities to their homes. Hezbollah links its stopping of rocket attacks on ******* to a ceasefire in the Gaza war.

******** air strikes intensify and pound areas of south Lebanon and the Bekaa valley and target sites in Beirut’s southern suburbs and even reach the **********-majority Keserwan district north of Beirut for the first time. Hezbollah responds with barrages of rockets fired into *******.

Hundreds of people are ******* and thousands injured in Lebanon and tens of thousands flee their homes in the south to various places across Lebanon and even to war-ravaged neighbouring Syria, sheltering mostly in schools.

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#IsraelLebanon #border #warfare #stretches #decades

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