Offensive names dot the American street map—a new app provides a way to track them

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Offensive names dot the ********* street map—a new app provides a way to track them

by Derek H. Alderman, Daniel Oto-Peralías and Joshua F.J. Inwood,

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The racially motivated tragedy in Charleston, South Carolina, in 2015, when a

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, and the deadly

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, Virginia, two years later compelled Americans to confront the role played by

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.

George Floyd’s ******* at the hands of a

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in 2020 only lent urgency to that challenge.

Part of the ******* reckoning in the wake of Floyd’s ****** is a movement to remove offensive names from public places. Some names perpetuate

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against people of ******. Others honor historical figures linked to racism and colonization. This movement is what we

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call America’s “

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.”

Government officials, activists and other people have called for a renaming of certain places and institutions. Examples include removing

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and erasing the name of

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. The elimination of names of

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provides another example.

These changes have become flash points of community activism and debate, both

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and

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to name revisions.

A widespread element in this renaming moment are

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. We believe discussions and decisions about removing these names

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that allow the public to know how pervasive a problem the country might be confronting.

The recent release of an

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, an international team of

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, allows users to conduct nationwide inventories of discriminatory roadway names, revealing how often and where they are found.

We believe the app is an important educational tool. It will help communities understand how discriminatory beliefs are woven into everyday spaces and the harm caused by offensive names.

After tracking a few of America’s most contested place and institution names, we believe the app will help people see the changes necessary to recognize and repair past wrongs in street naming.

Recognizing that names can harm and heal

There is growing public recognition that place names are not neutral identifiers of locations. Rather, place names can transmit harmful messages that misrepresent the history and identity of ********* communities. As a result, they work against the possibility of a more equal society.

One highly publicized effort at identifying and replacing offensive place names happened in November 2021.

U.S. Interior Secretary Deb Haaland, the first Native ********* to hold that post,

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hereafter called “sq—,” from the names of 650 mountains, rivers and other sites on federal lands. Haaland’s order capped many years of demands from Native ********* groups

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.

Then, in 2022, Haaland established the

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on Reconciliation in Place Names, comprising members from tribal nations, Native Hawaiian organizations and scholars. Its

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call on the U.S. to recognize the historical role of racism and sexism in naming places. They also highlight how those in power have used names to disrespect, misrepresent and control certain groups that have been historically discriminated against.

Drawing from public comments over two years, the committee found that derogatory place names are a source of

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for groups that have been historically discriminated against. As one Native ********* community leader

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the committee, “Names matter, as they can build or break a relationship with the land and have the power to uplift or marginalize communities.”

Similarly, a

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by the National Association of Tribal Historic Preservation Officers and the Wilderness Society found derogatory place names can create an unwelcoming environment that some people avoid. Additionally, a

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found that homes on streets named for pro-slavery Confederate figures

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and take longer to sell than comparable houses on nearby roads.

Renaming roads serves as an important moment of community reconciliation. That’s because the frequent use of offensive street names exacts a hefty

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on marginalized communities, according to the

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.

When hurtful names are removed from roads, some members of oppressed communities describe how the spirit or feeling of places can change and allow

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to begin.

The difference an audit makes

The Interior Department committee suggests that efforts to change offensive names should be

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. It encourages local residents to identify where derogatory place names exist, when and how they were named, and how those names can harm the well-being of community members.

Data scientist

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and her team at the

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agree. They call for conducting

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that collect and visualize data on unjust names, to challenge the damaging effects and abuses of power behind these symbols.

The newly released street names app from STNAMES LAB allows people to do that. Fed with

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data, it lets users carry out queries, as well as map and download streets containing certain terms.

Once users enter a name, they can check the specific location of named roads on a map. They can also download query results as a spreadsheet to get the full list of streets.

The app offers an easy visualization of the frequency and geographic distribution of names. You can see whether the name is found across the nation or concentrated in a specific region.

Demonstrating the app

To illustrate the app’s capabilities, we searched for names that have sparked public controversy.

Federal condemnation of “sq—” as a place name does not mean that local authorities will follow suit, even if some

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and

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are already doing so. We found 429 streets scattered across 47 states with a name containing the word “sq—.”

Although “sq—” originated in the Algonquian language, ********* settlers corrupted and misused the word in reducing Native ********* women to a simplistic and sexualized image. Being called “sq—” is still a

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for Indigenous women. Many of them say the term injures their self-image and sense of belonging.

The street name app exposes other ******* Native ********* stereotypes. Variations of “redman/men” and “

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” appear on 211 roads.

“Redskin” is a portrayal of Native Americans as warlike and dangerous. According to Native writer

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, colonialists often used it interchangeably with “savage.”

We found 415 roads in 46 states using the word “savage” in their name.

Though references to “redman” and “redskin” have long shown up in

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and sports team mascots, many Native groups challenge these stereotypes as demeaning.

Searching for offensive street names across the country is about more than simply collecting information. Data and maps can be part of the process of expanding one’s sphere of awareness and caring for people living with unjust naming practices.

Tracking and visualizing these inequalities is key to developing the “

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” that scholar Catherine D’Ignazio believes is necessary to imagine and call for more inclusive alternatives to the current ********* landscape of names.

What is at stake is not just removing insulting names in and of themselves, but ensuring that the places marked by these names feel more welcoming and respectful of all Americans.

Provided by
The Conversation

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Offensive names dot the ********* street map—a new app provides a way to track them (2024, August 15)
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